Typical of historically black colleges, Hampton received much of its financial support in the years following the Civil War from the American Missionary Association (whose black and white leaders represented the Congregational and Presbyterian churches), other church groups, and former officers and soldiers of the Union Army. Legally chartered in 1870 as a land grant school, it was first known as Hampton Normal and Agricultural Institute. The original school buildings fronted the Hampton River. The new school was established on the grounds of a former plantation named "Little Scotland", which had a view of Hampton Roads. Armstrong (1839–1893) as its first principal. After the War: teaching teachers The Hampton Institute, 1898 An 1899 class in mathematical geographyĪfter the War, a normal school (teacher training school) was formalized in 1868, with former Union brevet Brigadier General Samuel C. In 1863 the newly issued Emancipation Proclamation was read to a gathering under the historic tree there. Peake, who began in 1861 with outdoor classes for freedmen, whom she taught under what is now the landmark Emancipation Oak in the nearby area of Elizabeth City County. Hampton University traces its roots to Mary S. As numerous individuals sought freedom behind Union lines, the Army arranged for the construction of the Grand Contraband Camp nearby, from materials reclaimed from the ruins of Hampton, which had been burned by the retreating Confederate Army. Butler, determined they were "contraband of war", to protect them from being returned to slaveholders, who clamored to reclaim them. Washington, an educator who was hired as the first principal at the Tuskegee Institute, which he developed for decades.ĭuring the American Civil War (1861–1865), Union-held Fortress Monroe in southeastern Virginia at the mouth of Hampton Roads became a gathering point and safe haven of sorts for fugitive slaves. It was first led by former Union General Samuel Chapman Armstrong. The Hampton Agricultural and Industrial School, later called the Hampton Institute, was founded in 1868 after the war by the biracial leadership of the American Missionary Association, who were chiefly Congregational and Presbyterian ministers. The tree, now a symbol of both the university and of the city, survives as part of the designated National Historic Landmark District at Hampton University. From then on the big tree was called the Emancipation Oak. In 1863 the Emancipation Proclamation was read here-the first place in the Confederate states. She first taught for the AMA on September 17, 1861, and was said to gather her pupils under a large oak. She had already secretly been teaching slaves and free blacks in the area despite the state's legal prohibition. In 1861 the American Missionary Association (AMA) responded to the former slaves' need for education and hired Mary Smith Peake as its first teacher at the camp. It overlooked Hampton Roads and was not far from Fortress Monroe and the Grand Contraband Camp, that gathered formerly enslaved men and women who sought refuge with Union forces in the South during the first year of the war. The campus was founded on the grounds of "Little Scotland", a former plantation in Elizabeth City County that is located on the Hampton River. Hampton University is classified among "R2: Doctoral Universities – High research activity." History Hampton University is home to 16 research centers, including the Hampton University Proton Therapy Institute, the largest free-standing facility of its kind in the world. The university has a satellite campus in Virginia Beach and also has online offerings. The university offers 90 programs, including 50 bachelor's degree programs, 25 master's degree programs and nine doctoral programs. First led by former Union General Samuel Chapman Armstrong, Hampton University's main campus is located on 314 acres in Hampton, Virginia, on the banks of the Hampton River. The campus houses the Hampton University Museum, which is the oldest museum of the African diaspora in the United States and the oldest museum in the commonwealth of Virginia. Founded in 1868 as Hampton Agricultural and Industrial School, it was established by Black and White leaders of the American Missionary Association after the American Civil War to provide education to freedmen. Hampton University is a private, historically black, research university in Hampton, Virginia.
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